Impedance
control,
crosstalk,
and
signal
Integrity
Special
attention
should
be
given
to
impedance
control
and
relative
adaptation
so
that
the
condition
of
maximum
power
transfer
between
generator
and
user
is
always
reached.
During
routing
it
is
essential
to
pay
attention
to
critical
signals
and
treat
them
properly
right
away,
avoiding
crosstalk
or
crosstalk
problems
because
it
is
the
electromagnetic
field
that
is
generated
in
a
track
when
current
flows,
generates
an
exchange
of
energy
from
one
track
to
another.
This
creates
an
undesirable
disturbance
due
to
the
induced
spurious
current
which
affects
the
quality
of
the
signals
which
results
in
a
reduction
in
communication
speed.
A
good
digital
signal
has
fast
transitions
and
logic
levels
that
are
clean
and
free
of
transient
phenomena.
The
circuit
diagram
is
a
diagram
showing
circuit
connections
within
a
code
of
a
circuit
element.
Schematics
are
a
type
of
schematic
layout
of
components
and
their
relationships
drawn
with
physically
and
electrically
standardized
symbols
for
research
and
technical
planning.
Schematics
can
convey
the
working
principles
of
components,
analyze
their
performance,
and
provide
a
planning
system
for
installing
electronic
and
electrical
products.
In
the
circuit
design,
the
technician
can
settle
on
paper
or
a
computer
after
confirming
that
the
actual
installation
is
complete.
Improve,
fix,
and
succeed
through
debugging.
Using
circuit
simulation
software
for
circuit-assisted
design
and
virtual
circuit
experiments
can
improve
the
work
efficiency
of
engineers,
save
learning
time,
and
make
real
pictures
more
intuitive.
Parts
in
the
circuit
do
not
necessarily
resemble
or
completely
different
in
shape
from
the
actual
parts.
However,
it
generally
represents
the
characteristics
of
the
element,
and
the
number
of
pins
matches
the
actual
element.
Like
many
wires
in
radio
schematics,
they
are
not
necessarily
straight
in
the
printed
circuit
board
diagram,
but
they
can
also
be
copper
films
of
a
particular
shape.
A
node
represents
a
connection
between
multiple
pins
or
wires.
All
pins
and
conductors
of
the
components
connected
to
the
node
are
conductive,
no
matter
how
many.
Annotations
are
very
important
in
schematics
and
all
text
in
the
schematic
can
be
categorized
as
annotations.
If
you
look
closely
at
the
figure
above,
you
can
see
that
there
are
annotations
in
various
parts
of
the
schematic.
Annotations
are
used
to
indicate
the
type,
name,
etc.
of
a
component.
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